Question 1a-Mind Maps (Essay Plans)

Question 1a mindmap

View more presentations from beccacobb.

Exempler Essay-Question 1a

Explanation,Analysis,Argument

Example

Terminology

1a) Over the two year media course we had to produce both a foundation portfolio of a school magazine and music magazine as well as an advance portfolio of a horror teaser trailer, film magazine – developing foundation skills further and a poster to advertise our trailer.

In the first year we researched existing music magazines and analysed each one so that we could gain knowledge of particular layouts, fonts and key elements that need to be contained in our production to make it successful. Research and planning allowed us to recognise ‘mastheads’ on magazines as being the most important and therefore the need to focus on a font more detailed to keep continuity with the contents page and double page spread which we also had to create.

Personally I researched ‘Rock’ magazines such as Kerrang, NME and others because I had chosen after carrying out a questionnaire to use Rock music as my theme. The real life media texts allowed me to visualise my favourite parts from each magazine – ripped sticker graphics and broken font on my own work which I then attempted to recreate within Photoshop CS4. In year 1 we were limited to what we could research because magazines were the only theme however, in the second year I was able to develop my ability to research real life media texts much further because we had a range of products we needed to create all under the ‘horror’ genre this time. I was able to research teaser trailers analysing my favourite and least favourite parts allowing me to plan with a mood board which I produced from a range of stills from previous horror films my ideas for my own trailer which helped me to develop my production of my products in relation to real life media texts and techniques such as restricted narration and handheld camera found in the ‘Blair Witch Project’ trailer which inspired my trailer ‘Laquem’ which is also set in the woods. Research into film documentaries like the ‘American Nightmare’ inspired me to create a product which reinforced fear and went against usual horror conventions to make it more interesting. Over the second year research became so important to achieving a product which was realistic and is now like my own distributed on YouTube as a real life media text of its own.

Real life media texts like advertising film posters were able to help me develop my Photoshop skills further because I was able to push myself with the ‘colour burn’ filters and want to create the scary atmosphere of my trailer from just an image and text which I found really fun.

Research into film magazines allowed me to develop my work from AS level so much further because I was able to produce a high standard piece of work in two weeks this year when the magazines took over 3 months last year which shows how much my skills have improves just by being able to constantly refer back to real life media texts for inspiration and even colour schemes that work well together such as black and red which in the first year I just found experimenting with. Research into horror trailers allowed me to recognise different styles of film and how we like Alfred Hitchcock could be an auteur creating new angles and ideas using generic conventions as well as unconventional representations that I have picked upon when watching films and analysing certain techniques which I have then attempted to do in Final Cut Pro when editing certain shots together to create collision cutting and changes in pace which my trailer does extremely well. I was inspired initially by the hand held camera in the trailer REC and the fact I want as an auteur to change the stereotyped representations to be able use a female psycho killer.

Research also allowed me to produce text and inter-titles that shook in order to capture my audience but narrating the story slightly so the shots when together made sense. Research into types of camera movements needed were really helpful and allowed me to completely change the pace with tracking shots and handheld camera which I noticed was used in Silent Hill and American Werewolf in London which I analysed and placed on my blog for reference as some pieces of footage I wanted to recreate including the final girl representations.

Question 1a-Essay Structure

Paragraph 1:  should be an introduction which explains which projects you did. It can be quite short.

Paragraph 2: should pick up the skill area and perhaps suggest something about your starting point with it- what skills did you have already and how were these illustrated. use an example.

Paragraph 3: should talk through your use of that skill in early projects and what you learned and developed through these. Again there should be examples to support all that you say.

Paragraph 4: should go on to demonstrate how the skill developed in later projects, again backed by examples, and reflecting back on how this represents moves forward for you from your early position.

Paragraph 5: short conclusion

Remember it's only half an hour and you need to range across all your work!

Question 1b-Genre Essay (Draft)

The piece I am going to write about in relation to genre is my AS opening sequence for the thriller film ‘Chaos Theory’.  The Chaos Theory is about a girl Taylor who is prone to blackouts and skips certain parts of her life. She keeps a journal to keep track of her life and finds one day that by re-reading these she can go back to these times. She attempts to alter parts of her life but finds changing one thing can make a big difference to our future. The opening sequence I made shows Taylor trying to go back in time and erase her birth.

The genre of our film was obviously a thriller, which allowed us to challenge Todorov’s theory of equilibrium, as our opening sequence began at the end of the story, this is a non-linear narrative.  However in a way we followed the typical conventions of a thriller as many start at the end of the narrative, for example the film’ The Butterfly Effect’ which we used for inspiration for our own idea, does this.  We decided to stick with this typical convention of the genre, so that it could be recognised by its existing target audience.  Steve Neal’s theory of narrative says that all genres are instances of repetition and difference; this means that certain generic features have to be included, in the case of my opening sequence this was the use of an empty, isolated building, dark lighting, fast editing and trying to create the atmosphere of suspense. 

We kept with a conventional theme of the thriller narrative which is the idea of the film focusing on the idea of an ‘enigma’ and the unknown.  Thrillers often introduce ideas of an ‘enigma’ and then complicate the story right through until the climax. This plot device is used in the thriller genre to help build up the atmosphere of suspense in the film and make the audience want to know more about the characters in the story and be fearful for them.  We wanted to play with the idea with identity and make our audience want to know what was going to happen next, so they would be drawn in.

We were also able to challenge Neal’s theory as we went against the convention of a thriller by instead of having a dominating male character as the antagonist and a female character as the protagonist; we made our character a young teenage girl who represents both these character roles. We did this as because of her condition she causes the negative events in her life making her the antagonist; however towards the end of film she also becomes the protagonist by taking control of the situation and going back in time to put an end to it all. We have followed the conventions of a thriller through using the character roles of a protagonist and an antagonist. In thrillers the antagonist drives the protagonist deeper and deeper into a sinister plot, leaving the protagonist feeling helpless and it is not until the climax of the film in which the protagonist finds a solution to defeat the antagonist.  We wanted to make sure we represented our character of Taylor at the beginning of the film as being vulnerable, as this is a usual characteristic of young females in the thriller genre, for example many of Alfred Hitchcock’s films such as ‘Pyscho’ feature defenceless women.  We chose to have the character of Taylor at similar age to our target audience of young adults, so they could relate to her. We dressed her in casual, laidback clothing which would appeal to this specific audience. We tried to portray Taylor as a stereotypical teen, so that the audience could relate to her.

Genre encompasses many parts and our opening sequence links to it, in more ways than one.  The use of an empty location and the fact we used an isolated building, helps to represent Taylor fear and feeling of loneliness/isolation from the real world.  It also helped us to create an atmosphere of tension and suspense, like other thrillers, that we were trying to achieve in our opening sequence.

Editing and Mise-en-scene is important to genre, as it contributes to creating certain moods and atmospheres. In our opening sequence, we used dark and dingy to connote the fear Taylor is feeling about going back in time and altering her life. We also used this lighting to make the building appear dangerous and mysterious. When it came to editing, we used quick cuts and fast editing in order to heighten the pace of the sequence and feeling of suspense. This type of editing is a typical convention of thrillers. We used a soundtrack over the top of the opening sequence; it was loud in volume and quick in tempo, to fit with the fast editing. We also used some diegetic sound including the heavy breathing of Taylor as she was running, the footstep sounds of her being chased by the mental care worker and the sound of her reading out from her diary as she wrote. Together these sounds, help with creating a fast build-up of tension,  they all work to help provoke emotion from our audience as they fear for what is going to happen to Taylor.

Genre enables us to place a media product in a specific group and helps it to be recognised, in order to attract its target audience. I believe our opening sequence was successful, as it fitted the thriller genre in a number of ways, through the twist we used in the narrative and following the conventions of a typical thriller in terms of camera, editing and Mise-en-scene.

Exempler Sentences

• Steve Neal said that ‘genre is a repetition with an underlying pattern of variations’ which meant certain generic features had to be included and repeated which in my case was the use of a creepy location of the woods as well as hand held camera and restricted narration to cause disorientation and suspense within our trailer.
• Editing and mise-en-scene is really important to genre and reflects very quickly certain moods and atmospheres.
• The generic conventions we chose to use were all important to the success of our product and since distributing it on YouTube we have over 4000 which I am really pleased with and gives me the confidence that we obviously stuck to the genre enough to capture our intended target audience but were creative enough to make people want to keep watching the trailer and virally sharing it with others.
• Genre places a media text into a grouping giving it an identity which can be recognised by the mainstream society and I believe my product is successfully fitted to the horror genre using the narrative that todorov argued was important to the horror genre by following an equilibrium.

Exempler Essay-Question 1B

Explanation,Analysis,Argument

Example

Terminology

Opening Paragraph:The media production I am going to write about in relation to genre is my favourite piece from the whole course which is my horror teaser trailer.

The genre of the trailer is obviously ‘horror’ and this in itself allowed us to be creative with narrative etc but limited us because we had to stick to a certain amount of generic conventions in order for it to be recognised by it’s existing target audience. Steve Neal said that ‘genre is a repetition with an underlying pattern of variations’ which meant certain generic features had to be included and repeated which in my case was the use of a creepy location of the woods as well as hand held camera and restricted narration to cause disorientation and suspense within our trailer. However, the pattern of variation Neal describes also links to my horror teaser trailer because we were able to creatively push the boundaries by twisting some generic features in order to make the trailer interesting and therefore cause the audience to want to watch the full movie. For this my group chose use a female psycho killer I order to subvert the stereotypical male dominated role. This female identification through point of view shots etc captured our female audience because were providing them with power and this is unusual for the horror genre although it is known for its forward thinking approach as it often attempts to focus on subcultural views instead of targeting the mainstream. Genre encompasses many parts and the trailer links to it in more ways than one. Its use of enclosed location and the fact the woods attempts to reinforce our society’s fear of loneliness and isolation which the woods creates when the three friends get lost. In these sections of the trailer we used a lot of heavy cross cutting between the female victim who is running anxiously through the woods in order to find her friends and get home safely. We also used the Kuleshove and collision cutting methods as the pace began slow as the friends head our in the car unaware of the danger before them and once they are in the woods we deliberately quickened the pace of editing to cause tension and to show that something is not right, keeping the audience on the edge of their seats.

Editing and mise-en-scene is really important to genre and reflects very quickly certain moods and atmospheres. Levi Strauss and Roland Barthes argued that the horror genre like many others used ‘binary oppositions’ in order to show the contrast between good and evil in order to force the audience to be constantly questioning the trailer for example; in my trailer I used light and dark to connote their happiness and carefree attitude in the daytime and the darkness to emphasise their fear and reliance

on their senses. This is particularly important to the horror genre as characters are often shown in high angle shots to appear vulnerable and therefore under threat.

Gore or ‘body horror’ is also a common generic convention used by most horror films that we studied including Dawn of the Dead by George A. Romero who used it to make the audience feel sick by forcing them to see extreme violence. In my own trailer we were inspired to use gore differently by showing a hanging scene in slow motion to create tension and the centoring in on the face and neck which had been broken and this was shown by the rope burn we had made from latex and the blood pouring down her chest. This shot moves clockwise and slowly zooms in to force the audience to see what the hang (woman) has done. In our final two shots we finish the trailer with the male anti hero being lifted off the ground with blood pouring out of his mouth which causes the audience to assume no one survives because the final girl is stabbed by her friend accidentally which quickens the pace and adds tension but she is the survivor who as Carol Clover suggests will be terrorised throughout the film and finally overcome the monster. This plays with the audiences emotions and links back to the horror genre well by creating our own style of horror. Andrew Sarris argues because it encompasses so much and is key to explaining a film. Genre is the ideas that collectively make a particular recognisable style that draws in its existing target audience. My horror trailer had expressionist camera angles as the female victim desperately trips over the camera and we see her running above it as well as close ups of her facial expression that causes us to identify with her fear and therefore makes us scared. This meant the audience also were forced to objectify the female victim from the high angle camera shot down her top in which we can see her breasts slightly after watching other Hitchcock movies which use the male gaze theory by Laura Mulvey to force us to take a male’s viewpoint.

In my trailer we also used an iconic symbol of the noose because obviously as a hangwoman she needed the prop but also as a female the circular shape suggested female power and this is something the horror genre often does but for male characters using guns etc as phallic symbols which we also used as the male anti hero takes out a knife and stabs his friend frantically when she walks up behind him. The horror trailer was made much darker in Final Cut Pro using the brightness and contrast menu and also dragged the saturated colours towards the blue in order to create a dark, dusky night time atmosphere a generic convention of horror trailers.

The generic conventions we chose to use were all important to the success of our product and since distributing it on YouTube we have over 4000 which I am really pleased with and gives me the confidence that we obviously stuck to the genre enough to capture our intended target audience but were creative enough to make people want to keep watching the trailer and virally sharing it with others.

Genre places a media text into a grouping giving it an identity which can be recognised by the mainstream society and I believe my product is successfully fitted to the horror genre using the narrative that todorov argued was important to the horror genre by following an equilibrium at the beginning then a problem which in our case was the male anti hero playing a joke on the soon to be female victim making jump running after him causing their separation then a pathway to resolution – as they attempt to find each other and then a new equilibrium at the end which we deliberately left as an open ending to capture our audience effectively.

EAA 10

EG 10

Term 5

(24/25)

Total Section A 45/50

Question 1b – Essay Structure

Paragraph 1 Intro: which of your projects are you going to write about? Briefly describe it

Paragraph 2: what are some of the key features of the concept you are being asked to apply? maybe outline two of the theories/ideas of particular writers briefly

Paragraph 3: start to apply the concept, making close reference to your production to show how the concept is evident in it

Paragraph 4: try to show ways in which ideas work in relation to your production and also ways in which those ideas might not apply/could be challenged

Paragraph 5: conclusion

Micro and Macro Elements

Micro and macro elements

View more presentations from beccacobb.

Question 1B

• One Product
• Genre
• Representation
• Narrative
• Audience 
• Media Language

Marks

Explantation, Analysis,Argument (10)
Examples (10)
Technology (5)
TOTAL=25

Tips

• Must reference themes that are appropriate. 
• Use quotes. 
• Reference to existing media texts (impact on research) that use the same techniques or practitioners.
• Clear opening paragraph that staes the concept as well as the product. 
• Talk about all media areas but refer back to main concept being questioned. 

Media Theories

Plato-The Cave Theory

The theory is about prisoners who are tied up in a cave so they can’t move; they can only move their eyes to look around. The prisoners are facing the cave wall. There is a walk way behind the prisoners with a fire and people who cast shadows upon the wall. A prisoner is realised and he can see the people and the fire that was behind him, he cannot understand this. This idea can be applied to technology as old people can’t keep up whereas the younger generation can as we have grown up with it. As children are always computer games, some start to believe these video games are reality and can’t tell the difference between fantasy and the real world. An example of this is the programme My Super Sweet 16 in which a spoilt teenager goes to visit a tribe and learns about a different way of living.

Judith Butler-The Queer Theory

Some people believe that everything comes from our gender. Judith Butler believes in unique identity and that gender studies/sexuality does not entirely shape you as a person. Butler teaches that everyone is individual. She says that we have created an idea of what is gender acceptable rather than our gender being from own biological sex. She says that by asking the question ‘who are you?’ it helps us to understand our own identity. Butler has come up with the queer theory which has a big impact on how people respond to gender identity. It focuses on how not everyone is conforming to the idea that gender is who we are. This is shown through sex changes and that people are now showing acceptance towards gay couples, as since 2005 in the UK there are now civil partnerships. In the 1980s homosexuality wasn’t shown. Programmes such as Ellen, Will and Grace and Queer as Folk were the first of many to come, to show homosexual characters. Queer Cinema came about in the 1990s and portrayed a number of different homosexual characters. Will and Grace is an example of the Queer Theory as Jack represents the typical stereotype of homosexuals which is camp, feminine and comfortable with his sexuality. Whereas Will is challenging conventions as he is almost represented as straight through his clothes and mannerisms.

Stuart Hall


Stuart Hall is a cultural theorist, who came up with the audience reception theory. He believes there are three ways to read a text. ‘Dominant or preferred reading’ which means the reader fully shares the text codes and accepts what they are reading, ‘Negotiated reading’ where the reader accepts some of the views presented but also has their own opinion and ‘Oppositional reading’ where the reader disagrees with the text and creates their own meaning from it. The other theory Hall came up with was of ‘polysemy’, it refers to a sign that has the ability to have multiple meanings. For example a black dress can be seen as a sign of mourning, an evening dress and inappropriate to wear to a wedding.

Uses and Gratifications Theory

This theory focuses on why people use media. During the 1960s the first generation to grow up with television was grownups so it became apparent to media theorists that audiences made choices based on upon some media texts. Audiences are made up of different individuals who consume texts for different reasons and in different ways. Laswell said that media texts had functions for individuals and society; these were surveillance, correlation, entertainment and cultural transmission. Bulmer and Katz came up with the theory that individuals might choose to view a text for different purposes. These purposes are diversion (escapism), personal relationships (using the media for emotional needs and interaction), personal identity and surveillance. The gratification theory suggests that media players take an active role in choosing and using the media. It says that the media user looks for media source to fulfil their needs. Since then the list has been extended, as new media has come along.

Post Modernism

A theory that came after modernism, it is a genre of art and literature. It came with the great change in the modern world. Specifically it is a tendency in contemporary culture characterized by the problem of objective truth and suspicion towards global cultural narrative. It focuses on adventure and expression. An example of it is artists that use footage of the Nazi War crimes in their pop videos. There is a conflict between modernism and post-modernism, as post isn’t so sure of itself.

Discourse

The theory is about language point of view and the ideas embedded in what we do, say or think. It talks about the way we question/debate different subjects, from different sources of media. The contexts of language are either a company, small-meaning family/best friends or institutionalised-mass media.

Roland Barthes

He believes that all narratives share structural features which are brought together in different ways. He says that there is more than one ways to read a text and from a single text, we can get different meanings. To uncover these meanings, we must read a text more than once. Barthes says that we shouldn’t be controlled by a linear narrative. He came up with the idea of a ‘readerly’text which refers to a text with linear narrative structure, written a traditional style and manner. Contrasting this is ‘writerly’ which puts the reader in a position of control and can take an active role in determining the meaning of the text. Barthes also talks about the enigma code which is used to intrigue and draw in the audiences. He came up with a set of 5 codes, which is a way of grouping signifiers according to the role they play in a text. These are the voice of truth, empirics, person, symbol and knowledge. Reading a text with these codes allows you to see how the image remains the same but the meaning can change.

Jean Baudrillard-Hyper Reality

His theory is about post-modernism and post-structuralism. Hyper reality is the inability to differentiate reality from fantasy. For example young children go to Disneyland and believe that everything around them is real. Reality TV such as BB and the X Factor make people believe they can easily attain fame and fortune. Another example of this theory is gaming, where this type of media is consumed and takes over. It can provoke violent nature and some people then copy what they see in the video game and do the same thing in real life. (Copycat Theory) A film that uses Hyper-Reality is the Truman Show- as he is living a life that is false.

Cultural Imperialism

The theory is about how Western Nations dominate media around the world and affects other smaller cultures. In the 1960/70s small countries bought media from bigger western countries as they could not afford to make their own. Western Civilisation has a lot of money, so when 3rd world countries watch Western media they see what our lifestyle is like. They are influenced by what they say on screen and begin to live, believe and think like Western civilisations. This in turn ends up destroying the smaller cultures.

Marxism

Marxism is a modern socialist and communist ideology. Marxism is based upon a materialist interpretation of history. Taking the idea that social change occurs because of the struggle between different classes within society who are under contradiction one against the other, the Marxist analysis leads to the conclusion that capitalism, the currently dominant form of economic management, leads to the oppression of the proletariat, who not only make up the majority of the world's populace but who also spend their lives working for the benefit of the bourgeoisie, or the wealthy ruling class in society.

Laura Mulvey-The Male Gaze

Laura mulvey the male gaze

View more presentations from beccacobb.

Youth Group through the ages

Youth groups through the ages presentation

View more presentations from beccacobb.

Analysis/Comparsion of Posters-This is England and Quadrophenia

Analysis of posters from this is england and quadrophenia

View more documents from beccacobb.

Notes from Lesson on Representation of Youth in the 60’s/70’s/80’s

Notes from repressentation of youth lesson

View more documents from beccacobb.

Trainspotting

The main themes of the film are drugs, sex, abuse, crime, poverty, friendship and betrayal. All of these themes give a negative portrayal of British Youth. It shows youths of this time, mainly males, getting high most of the time and not doing much else. It gives the impression they will try to avoid paying for anything or getting at job at all costs. It presents them as being selfish and irresponsible, not really caring about anything other than their own needs. At one point Renton shows some responsibility for his actions as he tries to give up heroin and change his ways; however this is short lived as at the end of the film he steals his friend’s money and leaves them behind. Trainspotting shows society in the 1990s to not be very good, as there was a high level of a drug use, the living conditions were poor (as seen in the mise-en-scene of the film) and there was a lot of poverty. This film can seem as being meant ‘for the boys’ through the fact that the main characters are male and that the music and mise-en-scene can relate to the gender e.g. football, drinking, going out and meeting women etc. The film makes the parenting in the film seem bad, as the parents either appear to be neglecting their children or oblivious to what they are doing. This can be seen through Renton and his friends getting addicted to drugs and Diane going out to clubs and having sex underage. However Renton’s parents slightly redeem themselves as they take him home to try and help him stop his heroin addiction.

‘An introduction to the anthropology of YouTube’ Michel Wesch June 23rd 2008

An anthropological introduction to you tube

View more documents from beccacobb.